How to post XML using CURL?

There are several ways to Send XML requests via HTTP POST.

This is the very simple way to send the xml request via HTTP POST 

<?php 
$xml_data ='<AATAvailReq1>'.
    '<Agency>'.
        '<Iata>1234567890</Iata>'.
        '<Agent>lgsoftwares</Agent>'.
        '<Password>mypassword</Password>'.
        '<Brand>phpmind.com</Brand>'.
    '</Agency>'.
    '<Passengers>'.
        '<Adult AGE="" ID="1"></Adult>'.
        '<Adult AGE="" ID="2"></Adult>'.
    '</Passengers>'.
'<HotelAvailReq1>'.
'<DestCode>JHM</DestCode>'.
        '<HotelCode>OGGSHE</HotelCode>'.
        '<CheckInDate>101009</CheckInDate>'.
        '<CheckOutDate>101509</CheckOutDate>'.
        '<UseField>1</UseField>'.
  '</HotelAvailReq1>'.  
  '</AATAvailReq1>';
 
 
$URL = "https://www.yourwebserver.com/path/";
 
   $ch = curl_init($URL);
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_MUTE, 1);
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0);
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type: text/xml'));
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "$xml_data");
   curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
   $output = curl_exec($ch);
   curl_close($ch);
 
?>

Features of MySQL

The following list shows the most important properties of MySQL. This section is directed to the reader who already has some knowledge of relational databases.

Relational Database System: Like almost all other database systems on the market, MySQL is a relational database system.

Client/Server Architecture: MySQL is a client/server system. There is a database server (MySQL) and arbitrarily many clients (application programs), which communicate with the server; that is, they query data, save changes, etc. The clients can run on the same computer as the server or on another computer (communication via a local network or the Internet).

Almost all of the familiar large database systems (Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, etc.) are client/server systems. These are in contrast to the file-server systems, which include Microsoft Access, dBase and FoxPro. The decisive drawback to file-server systems is that when run over a network, they become extremely inefficient as the number of users grows.

SQL compatibility: MySQL supports as its database language -- as its name suggests – SQL (Structured Query Language). SQL is a standardized language for querying and updating data and for the administration of a database. There are several SQL dialects (about as many as there are database systems).

SubSELECTs: Since version 4.1, MySQL is capable of processing a query in the form SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE x IN (SELECT y FROM table2) (There are also numerous syntax variants for subSELECTs.)

Views: Put simply, views relate to an SQL query that is viewed as a distinct database object and makes possible a particular view of the database. MySQL has supported views since version 5.0.

Stored procedures: Here we are dealing with SQL code that is stored in the database system.
Stored procedures (SPs for short) are generally used to simplify certain steps, such as inserting or deleting a data record. For client programmers this has the advantage that they do not have to process the tables directly, but can rely on SPs. Like views, SPs help in the administration of large database projects. SPs can also increase efficiency. MySQL has supported SPs since version 5.0.

Triggers: Triggers are SQL commands that are automatically executed by the server in certain database operations (INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE). MySQL has supported triggers in a limited form from version 5.0, and additional functionality is promised for version 5.1.

Unicode: MySQL has supported all conceivable character sets since version 4.1, including Latin-1, Latin-2, and Unicode (either in the variant UTF8 or UCS2).

User interface: There are a number of convenient user interfaces for administering a MySQL server.

Full-text search: Full-text search simplifies and accelerates the search for words that are located within a text field. If you employ MySQL for storing text (such as in an Internet discussion group), you can use full-text search to implement simply an efficient search function.

Replication: Replication allows the contents of a database to be copied (replicated) onto a number of computers. In practice, this is done for two reasons: to increase protection against system failure (so that if one computer goes down, another can be put into service) and to improve the speed of database queries.

Transactions: In the context of a database system, a transaction means the execution of several database operations as a block. The database system ensures that either all of the operations are correctly executed or none of them. This holds even if in the middle of a transaction there is a power failure, the computer crashes, or some other disaster occurs. Thus, for example, it cannot occur that a sum of money is withdrawn from account A but fails to be deposited in account B due to some type of system error.
Transactions also give programmers the possibility of interrupting a series of already executed commands (a sort of revocation). In many situations this leads to a considerable simplification of the programming process. In spite of popular opinion, MySQL has supported transactions for a long time. One should note here that MySQL can store tables in a variety of formats. The default table format is called MyISAM, and this format does not support transactions. But there are a number of additional formats that do support transactions. The most popular of these is InnoDB.

Foreign key constraints: These are rules that ensure that there are no cross references in linked tables that lead to nowhere. MySQL supports foreign key constraints for InnoDB tables.

GIS functions: Since version 4.1, MySQL has supported the storing and processing of two-dimensional geographical data. Thus MySQL is well suited for GIS (geographic information systems) applications.

Programming languages: There are quite a number of APIs (application programming interfaces) and libraries for the development of MySQL applications. For client programming you can use, among others, the languages C, C++, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, and Tcl.

ODBC: MySQL supports the ODBC interface Connector/ODBC. This allows MySQL to be addressed by all the usual programming languages that run under Microsoft Windows (Delphi, Visual Basic, etc.). The ODBC interface can also be implemented under Unix, though that is seldom necessary.

Platform independence: It is not only client applications that run under a variety of operating systems; MySQL itself (that is, the server) can be executed under a number of operating systems. The most important are Apple Macintosh OS X, Linux, Microsoft Windows, and the countless Unix variants, such as AIX, BSDI, FreeBSD, HP-UX, OpenBSD, Net BSD, SGI Iris, and Sun Solaris.

Speed: MySQL is considered a very fast database program. This speed has been backed up by a large number of benchmark tests (though such tests -- regardless of the source -- should be considered with a good dose of skepticism).

basic questions and answers

What is the difference between echo and print?

One difference is that echo() can take multiple expressions
Print cannot take multiple expressions. That is the main distinct difference!

The echo() function is not actually a function, so you are not required to use parentheses with it. However, if you want to pass more than one parameter to echo(), using parentheses will generate a parse error.

The echo() function is slightly faster than print().

The echo() function has the shortcut syntax as echo.

How many types of indexes or keys are in MySQL?

MySQL allows four general types of indexes (keys). These indexes can be created either on single column or multi-columns however both single column index and multi columns index have some different behaviors.

1. Primary Key Indexes
2. Unique Key Indexes
3. Normal Indexes also known as "Non-Unique Indexes", "Ordinary Indexes", or "Indexes without constraints"
4. Full-Text Indexes

RESTful Services for PHP

It is very simple, but needs the patience.

REST is an acronym standing for Representational State Transfer, a software architecture used for developing stateless web services. The most common use of REST is on on the Web with HTTP being the only protocol used here. And the only operations allowed are the HTTP – GET (Read), PUT (Update), POST(Create) and DELETE (Delete).
The operations are like sql resource.

The main features and constraints of REST architectural style are:

Client-Server: A clear separation concerns is the reason behind this constraint. Separating concerns between the Client and Server helps improve portability in the Client and Scalability of the server components.

Stateless: All REST resources are required to be stateless. The idea is that the application would be resilient enough to work between server restarts. However, it is not uncommon to see some RESTful web services save states between requests.

Caching: Caching is allowed, however it is required that “response to a request be implicitly or explicitly labeled as cacheable or non-cacheable”

As there is no interface definition (like in SOAP), it becomes mandatory for a Client and Server to have a mutual understanding of the messages being transmitted between them.


You may want to see the pear package HTTP Request for making REST calls, which among many things supports GET/POST/HEAD/TRACE/PUT/DELETE, basic authentication, proxy, proxy authentication, SSL, file uploads and more. Using this package, I got started on a simple wrapper class called RESTclient, which gives intuitive support for making REST resource calls.

Explaining the REST by code is coming soon...

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